EVs

In the last few weeks, Volkswagen AG has been fined $1.2 billion by a German court over its Dieselgate scandal and is now looking at recalling 124,000 vehicles as it discovered the presence of cadmium in chargers of its electric car variants.

The success of electric vehicles lies in the cost efficiency and scalability of its batteries. The supply of lithium and cobalt over the next decade would end up defining the extent of that success.