The appellate body affirmed similar findings made by a WTO panel earlier this year. The Philippines imposes taxes on imported distilled spirits, such as whiskey and gin, at significantly higher rates than on domestic distilled spirits.
“The Philippine tax system for these products is discriminatory, plain and simple,” said U.S. Trade Representative Ron Kirk in a statement. “Today’s appellate body report affirms the decisive U.S. victory in this dispute.
“We urge the Philippine government to comply swiftly with the panel and appellate body findings and eliminate the discriminatory treatment of imported distilled spirits in its market,” he added.
Between 2006 and 2010, U.S. distilled spirits exports worldwide averaged more than $1 billion per year, making the United States one of the world’s largest exporters of spirits. According to industry figures, the U.S. distilled spirits industry contributed to more than $113 billion of economic activity and over 1.2 million jobs in 2007.
The Philippines imposes different tax rates on distilled spirits depending on the product from which the spirit is distilled. Its tax rates on distilled spirits made from materials that are typically produced in the Philippines, such as sugar and palm, are generally low. However, imported distilled spirits are taxed at rates from about 10 to 40 times higher than those applied to domestic products.
In the Philippines, producers use domestic materials, such as sugar, to create a variety of distilled spirits, including whiskey, brandy, gin, vodka, and tequila. These distilled spirits compete with similar U.S. imports made from other materials, such as whiskey distilled from wheat.
The WTO generally bars its members from discriminating between imported and domestic products in their tax regimes. The United States brought two legal claims against the Philippines’ measures, and prevailed on both. On Aug. 15, the panel found that the Philippines applies higher taxes to imported distilled spirits than to “like” or “directly competitive or substitutable” domestic distilled spirits, in violation of the first and second sentences of Article III:2 of GATT 1994.
The Philippines appealed both of these findings. A hearing was held before the WTO Appellate Body in Geneva on Oct. 25-26, and the report addressing the Philippines’ appeal was issued Tuesday. In its report, the appellate body upheld the panel’s conclusions on both the U.S. claims.
