WATCH: Union Pacific battery-electric hybrid locomotive completes testing

New engine ready for yard work

Union Pacific hybrid locomotive mother unit (left) and slug. (Photo: Union Pacific)

One year after the rollout, Union Pacific is ready to deploy a hybrid battery-electric switching locomotive in a working rail environment.

The Class I railroad (NYSE: UNP) and project partner ZTR Control Systems recently wrapped up testing of the first unit of a planned roster of six hybrid locomotives at UP’s Jenks Locomotive Shop in North Little Rock, Arkansas. The next assignment for the engine, numbered Y409, will be further testing in a yet-to-be-identified rail yard.

The first-of-their-kind hybrids for the North American rail freight business were rolled out in April 2024. Like hybrid autos, the locomotives can be powered by a standard diesel engine prime mover or stored battery power, with the battery recharging during engine operation. UP said in a video release that, depending on mode of operation, the hybrid switchers are expected to consume up to 80% less fuel than conventional diesels.

Railroads are testing a variety of alternative-fuel locomotives, powered by batteries, liquefied natural gas and hydrogen. But development has been gradual, as they have yet to replace the cheap and abundant power of diesel fuel. There are also no federal standards for alternative fuel power and little off-the-shelf technology designed for railroad applications.

The hybrid power runs in a mother-slug pair, with the prime mover in the mother unit and the slug providing extra horsepower and braking controlled by the mother.  

The propulsion system was designed by ZTR of Minneapolis, while Union Pacific built the prototype at North Little Rock.

Testing on the next locomotive in the group is expected to begin in 2026.

Subscribe to FreightWaves’ Rail e-newsletter and get the latest insights on rail freight right in your inbox.

Find more articles by Stuart Chirls here.

Related coverage:

Baun joins railcar builder Greenbrier as chief commercial officer

Norfolk Southern expands short line interchange improvement program

Rail agenda steams up as short lines blitz Congress

Upcoming FreightWaves Events
Fraud & Security

Freight Fraud Symposium

Double brokering. AI deepfakes. Identity theft. Freight fraud is an existential threat to the industry. Get ahead of it.

May 20, 2026
Rock & Roll Hall of Fame • Cleveland, OH
Register Now
AI & Technology

Supply Chain AI Symposium

Past the hype. Join operators, founders, and enterprise leaders figuring out how to deploy AI in supply chain.

July 15, 2026
The Old Post Office • Chicago, IL
Register Now
Rail & Policy

Future of Rail Symposium

Reshoring is rewriting freight demand. Join shippers, rail executives, and government officials to shape the next decade.

July 28, 2026
The Signal at Chattanooga Choo Choo • Chattanooga, TN
Register Now
Fraud & Security Freight Fraud Symposium May 20 • Cleveland, OH

Double brokering. AI deepfakes. Identity theft. Freight fraud is an existential threat to the industry. Get ahead of it.

Rock & Roll Hall of Fame • Cleveland, OH Register Now
AI & Technology Supply Chain AI Symposium Jul 15 • Chicago, IL

Past the hype. Join operators, founders, and enterprise leaders figuring out how to deploy AI in supply chain.

The Old Post Office • Chicago, IL Register Now
Rail & Policy Future of Rail Symposium Jul 28 • Chattanooga, TN

Reshoring is rewriting freight demand. Join shippers, rail executives, and government officials to shape the next decade.

The Signal at Chattanooga Choo Choo • Chattanooga, TN Register Now

Stuart Chirls

Stuart Chirls is a journalist who has covered the full breadth of railroads, intermodal, container shipping, ports, supply chain and logistics for Railway Age, the Journal of Commerce and IANA. He has also staffed at S&P, McGraw-Hill, United Business Media, Advance Media, Tribune Co., The New York Times Co., and worked in supply chain with BASF, the world's largest chemical producer. Reach him at stuartchirls@firecrown.com.